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J^i^a/. ^^Zi^PT'r^l/KU- . M^Ae^^' в–. lf/it('f- jfyyt^ f> ,a//^i. THE BRITISH EXPEDITION. COMPILED FROM AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS. CAPTAIN HENEY M. HOZIEE.
MACMILLAN AND CO. Riglit of Translation into German granted to Mr. Duncker, Berlin. All other rights reserved. LONDON: PEINTKD BY. SPOTIISWOODE AND CO., NEW- STKKEt 6.
QCAHE. AND PARLIAMENT STREET. H& NRV MOrt. SE : В» I t^f HВЈli. В«. QEVEE AL accounts of the British Expedition. Hshed, which have displayed. They have. however, been written by those who have not. The endeavour of the author of this sketch. In. the Abyssinian campaign the enemies to be.
These were successfully. The difficulties would. The danger and possibility of. The aim of the author has everywhere been.
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General Topography of Abyssinia . British Expedition to Abyssinia .
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Preparation of Expedition . Reconnaissance of the Country . Sir R. Napier at Zulla .
Advance to Adigerat . Advance to Antalo . IIG. Advance to Ashangi . Advance, TO Lat ... Advance to the Takkazie .
Advance to the Bashilo . Action of Arogi .
Surrender of the Captives .. Capture of Magdala ... Destruction of the Fortress .. The Return March ... GENEBAL TOPOGRAPHY OF ABYSSINIA. T the time when a British Expedition into Abys- .
Abyssinia. This httle could. Such visitors naturally pay little regard. Utary necessities. Careful of the safety and. On the other hand, obstacles which seem to. Hence, as authori- . Still they have an.
From the pubhshed works of those who had jour- . Abyssinia it was known that that country. X INTRODUCTION. is a highland plateau elevated on lofty hills above. Indian Ocean on the east and the.
Upper Nile on the west. This plateau runs almost. At its northern end it impinges. Eed Sea, and protrudes. Massowah. close down upon the coral- bound coast.
The Eed Sea. trends towards the east, so that although in the direc- . Massowah the mountains of Abyssinia ap- . The plateau was known to be broken by deep. Nile. On it were several political divisions, of. Bogos, Barea, Hamasyen. Tigre in the north ; Semien, Bellesa, Begemeder, Wog- . Dembea, and Tschelga in the centre, separated.
Takkazie from the northern provinces and. Waag Lasta and Amhara on the east. Shoa. lay in the extreme south, and Kuara and Damot on. In an elbow of the river, which. Tsana and fa. Us into the Nile at Khar- .
Metcha and Godjam. From three ports in the eastern coast of Africa can an. INTRODUCTION. xi.
Abyssinia. From Massowah on. Adowa, the capital of Tigre, or round the base of.
Kassala and Matamna, whence. Gondar, the principal city of Dembea, can be reached. From Amphila Bay a road runs across the low unhealthy. Adow^a. Between Tajurrah, the most southern port, and tlie. Amphila Bay. From Tajurrah the most direct road. Ankober, the capital of the kingdom of Shoa.
The lowland along the sea- coast was well known to. European constitutions, that of the hill country. THE BRITISH EXPEDITION. BRITISH EXPEDITION TO ABYSSINIA. HE British Expedition to Abyssinia was prompted.
Unwillingly entered upon for the sake of humanity. Government of England, it was vigorously. Its success was great.
England acquired from it no territorial aggrandise- . Yet it did not pass unrewarded, for its result. British Army in European. The troops of Sir Eobert Napier were not only.
A vague charm. was presented to the men who comprised the Expe- . Force. The theatre of their operations was. Prester John, or. BRITISH EXPEDITION TO ABYSSINIA.
AP. i. was charmed into an unreal existence by the magic. Easselas. The cloud of mystery. African Switzerland, the certainty. Apart from. the army there was no desire for the expedition. Many were the forebodings of disaster, and of death to.
These forebodings. The country of Abyssinia, or Habesh,* is inhabited. Of this the majority, although. I^egro world, came from. Shemite race, and speaks a language closely allied. Arabic and Hebrew.
Thousands of years ago suc- . Asia, and settled in Alpine Africa, wliere, though. Geez or ' wanderers.'. The ancient Abyssinian tongue was the Ethiopic : while.
An extensive ecclesiastical. The modern lan- . Habesh signifies ' mixture of peoples ' in Arabic. CHAP. I.] INTRODUCTION. Geez. or Ethiopic, but is contaminated by the proximity of.
Arabic- speaking tribes. Of the earliest history of Abyssinia little is known. Early. Still less can be credited.
Legendary chronicles tell. Queen of Sheba travelled to.
Jewish Solomon, returning. Axum, in Tigre. with the ark of tlie covenant and a Hebrew colony. God. The. mythical traditions still preserved in Abyssinia say, that. Queen of the South, and the Negoos, or ruler. Ethiopia, claims descent from Menilek, an. Solomon by the Queen of Axum. The invasion of Abyssinia by the Greek Ptolemies, and.
Greece. into Tigre, the country of the Axumitee, are proved by. Adulis and. Axum. These were executed before the introduction. Christianity. They own the worship of Mars, and.
Adulis, the modern Zu. Ua, was the door. Greeks and Egyptians obtained access to. Tigre. Christianity was introduced. Erumentius. who w^as consecrated by Saint Athanasius of Alexan- . Primate of Abyssinia.
He received the. name of Abuna Salama, or Father of Peace, from the. BRITISH EXPEDITION TO ABYSSINIA, [chap. Since the days of. Frumentius every orthodox Primate of Abyssinia has. Coptic Patriarch of the church. Alexandria, and has borne the title of Abuna. Jews had been numerous in Arabia since the days.
Jerusalem was first supp. Hed. from Ophir, and the land of spice on the Eed Sea. After the destruction of the home of the chosen. Jewish race found an asylum.
Eed Sea. Educated to war in Palestine, and. Some of them, in the year 5. Dunaan, who slew and possessed.
Arian king of the Home- . Yemen. He persecuted those who refused. Christianity, and at Najiran committed. The. oppressed Churches appealed for aid to the Emperor.
Justinian. At his request their nearest co- religionist. Negoos * of Abyssinia, took up arms. Caleb or. Eleesbam, who then occupied the throne of Axum. Adulis across the Eed. Conquest gg^^ g]g^y Dunaau, and took possession of his kingdom.
In the time of Caleb the kingdom of the Axumitas. Negoos signifies ' supreme prince, or leader : ' it is the same word as. David in tlie Old Testament. CHAr. I. ] INTROD UCTION. European civilisation.
Its vessels from Adulis traded to Egypt and Ceylon. Its ruler's alliance was sought by the sovereign of the. Koman Empire. An Ethiopian colony was established. Yemen, over which Abrahah, the slave of a Eoman. Adulis, obtained government.
But the. army of Abrahah was destroyed before Mecca, and. Abyssinian invaders expelled from Arabia. The. conquest of Egypt by the Arabs in the middle of the. Abyssinia. The rising wave of Islamism severed the arteries of com- . Axum with the centres. Christianity. Abyssinia sank into.
During this time the religion of the country be- . The Abuna was. uniformly sent into Abyssinia by the Patriarch of. Alexandria. But the occasional advent of a high priest. Coptic Church. Errors rapidly crept in, and Abyssinian Christianity.
Judaism. The. mission of Frumentius appears to have been only. Jewish adven- . turers in Arabia crossed over in considerable numbers. African continent after the conversion of Arabia. The early accounts of Abyssinia are most conflicting, as presented. Bruce, Gibbon, and several other authorities. BRITISH EXPEDITION TO ABYSSINIA, [chap.
Islamism. The Jews gained strength, and the. Judith, the Queen of. Abyssinian Jews, overthrew the estabhshed dynasty.
The heir of the Queen of Sheba was carried to the. Shoa, where the rightful line continued. The relatives of Judith ruled the remaining.
House of Zague. On the death of the foundress of. Christian faith. About A. D. 1. 26. 8, by the mediation of the Abuna. Tecla Haimanout, a treaty was concluded between. Icon Amlac, the descendant of the legitimate line, and. Hue of Zague. By virtue.
Lasta were given up. Naaculto Laab, of the lineage of Judith, who re- .
Icon Amlac the kingdom of Abyssinia.*. About the middle of the fifteenth century, Abyssinia. Western Europe. An Abyssinian. Eome, and legates were sent. Abyssinian convent at Jerusalem to the. Florence. These adhered to the Greek.
But from that time the Church of Eome. Ethiopia. Communi- Princc Hcury of Portugal, youngest son of John. Portugal, the Avenger, and Grand Master of the Order of. Christ, next opened up communication with Europe. This account of the internal history of Abyssinia is extracted from.
Bruce's translation of the native annals. CHAP. I. J INTHODUCTIOy.
He hoped to open up a route from the west to the. Africa, by which the East Indies might. Mahometan territory. During his efforts to discover such a passage to India. Moors. from the spice trade, he sent an ambassador named. Covillan to the Court of Shoa.
Covillan was not suf- . Alexander, the then Negoos. He. married nobly, and acquired rich possessions in the. He kept up correspondence with Portugal. Prince Henry to diligently continue his. East. In 1. 49. 8 the Portuguese effected the circuit of Africa. The Turks shortly afterwards extended their conquests.
India, where they were baulked by the Por- . U at Zeyla. on the African coast.
From here they hampered and. Abyssinia. Under. Covillan, Helena, Empress of Ethiopia. Portuguese. against the Turks, and aid in the extirpation of the. Moslem on both shores of the Eed Sea.
Matthew, an. Armenian, who was selected for this service, was de- . Portuguese authorities in. India before he was sent to Lisbon by a homeward- . During the absence of. Matthew, the Turks of Zeyla, alhed with the Maho- . Abyssinia. They. 8 BRITISH EXPEDITION TO ABYSSINIA, [chap.
Negoos David, and at tlie same. Turkish town of Zeyla was stormed and. Portuguese fleet.
The Mahometans, not. Portuguese selves in the service of artillery. In 1. 52. 0, a Por- . Massowah. Matthew was on. An embassy from the fleet. Negoos, where nearly six. In. 1. 52. 6 the Portuguese mission was dismissed, and sailed.
India, taking with it an Abyssinian ambassador.